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Adding to the complexity of the three varieties of cannabis, there is also an effect called artificial selection. Since man has been cultivating cannabis for thousands of years, artificial selection has led to many different types of cannabis within the same species. This depends on the reason for which the cannabis was cultivated.
There are several different species of cannabis, as well as different varieties within the same species. Through artificial selection, the various species have different properties. These properties indicate what the cannabis will be used for, and include medicinal use, such as CBD for many medical conditions that we cover here, and for food, such as oil for cooking. For use in cooking, the oils are utilized with added carrier oils, such as peanut or olive oils, in order to enhance the taste. The other principal use is for hemp to make rope, clothing and other textiles.
Industrial hemp is produced by the strains of the Cannabis sativa plant. These strains have been cultivated to produce lower levels of the psychoactive chemical THC, and are therefore artificially selected to grow taller and more durable. This process enables the plants to be bred and used for producing many items. Some of these include: wax, hemp oil, hemp seed food, resin, animal feed, rope, cloth, fuel and more items. Industrial hemp that is bred and intended for these and other uses is derived exclusively from the Cannabis sativa plant.
Medical cannabis is produced from varieties of the Cannabis sativa plant, and has been selected to be bred for its cannabinoids. The least common of the three main varieties is cannabis Ruderalis, and this type is selectively bred and grown to use for naturally occurring, yet minute, quantities of THC.
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CBD does help to calm the nervous system. In certain clinical studies, researchers have used varying amounts of CBD, in oral doses ranging from 100-800 mg per day. For anxiety, 300-600 mg per day is the amount of CBD generally given. In some studies, even higher dosages were used. An example of a condition where higher dosages were given is psychosis. In a review, a study subject reported an improvement in psychosis after taking 1,200 mg per day for about three weeks. In another study, people with schizophrenia took dosages ranging from 40-1,280 mg of CBD per day. These doses were taken in increasing amounts for four weeks. The participants experienced benefits from the CBD.
In a study conducted on the effects of CBD in people with Parkinson\’s disease and psychosis, six participants improved when taking 150 mg of CBD per day. Methods of taking CBD are by oil or capsule form, by sublingual tablets placed under the tongue and by nasal sprays.
As with other pharmaceuticals, the correct or accurate dosage is the one which provides a beneficial therapeutic effect and one that is also well tolerated. It is often based on body weight, where someone who weighs less should likewise take less CBD than someone who weighs more. The amount taken will also depend on the condition for which it is indicated.
Yes, the research on CBD as indicated for anxiety conditions has shown that CBD can help to alleviate symptoms. Anxiety disorders have the highest prevalence of all mental illnesses. This is true globally, and leads to high costs to socirty, such as an economic burden. The current psychopharmocological treatments for anxiety have been shown to have low efficacy and side effects, as well. CBD has the potential to have therapeutic effects for anxiety disorders.
Since cannabis has been widely legalized, CBD has commanded attention as a possible treatment for anxiety, since it is safe, well tolerated, has shown little chance of dependence or misuse and it has few side effects in humans. Preliminary trials in human participants who are either healthy, or who have social anxiety disorder, demonstrate that CBD may have anxiolytic, or anti-anxiety, properties. Further study will reveal the efficacy, proper dosages and long term benefits of using CBD to treat anxiety conditions.
CBD has potential therapeutic properties for many types of anxiety. There is an increasing need to find and utilize newer approaches to treat anxiety, since traditional methods have not been effective in producing remission of symptoms. CBD is generally well tolerated, as well as effective for social anxiety, particularly in public speaking situations. It is known to interact with receptors in the brain, which influence fear and anxiety. These receptors are: serotonergic receptors, known as 5-HT1A receptors, CB1 and CB2 receptors and transient receptor potential, vanilloid type 1 receptors, or TRPV1. Low and moderate doses of CBD activate the serotonergic receptors, to produce calming and relaxing effects. In contrast, the TRPV1 receptors are responsive to higher CBD dosages, in order to produce anti-anxiety effects. This TRPV1 activity appears to be unique to CBD and a few minor cannabinoids, while THC does not interact with this receptor system.
CBD contains more than 80 active cannabinoids, which are the chemical compounds in the cannabis sativa plant. CBD is also present in the hemp plant. Its roots trace back to 2700 B. C., and it has been used as a natural, medicinal treatment for centuries. The use for CBD is the result of how the cannabis plant interacts with the body\’s endocannabinoid system, given that they are chemically similar. Both restore the body to homeostasis, or a balanced state, in the event of stress or inflammation.
As stated here, there are preliminary studies which illustrate how CBD may be a naturally effective treatment for mental health conditions. The use of CBD increases the chemicals in the brain called anandamide and serotonin. These neurochemicals help to boost and to maintain mood, relaxation and a generally positive state of mind and a feeling of emotional we\’ll being. This concept leads researchers to believe that CBD oil can therefore help with stress and anxiety. It is a natural remedy for anxiety, depression and schizophrenia, generally as an adjunct treatment to standard psychotropic medications, meaning that they help the brain\’s chemistry.
Stress can be elevated, and quality of sleep can become altered in those who experience these conditions. CBD is generally well tolerated in higher doses, if these are needed, even as much as 1,500 mg of CBD, and effectively helps to relieve the anxiety and stress associated with various types of anxiety. This can include PTSD and either panic attacks or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). A more relaxed feeling can be achieved with CBD\’s ability to work with the body\’s own stress reducing part of the CB1 receptors. These are located in the brain, in the medial temporal cortex, where mood is regulated.
Two more conditions which CBD could help are for shingles and spinal stenosis. I read from a doctor\’s question and answer article that a small amount of THC is needed in these cases. This will help to relieve it effectively. The entourage effect at work, again. It is also more likely to work better if CBD is initially taken when the pain is mild to moderate.
The physician stated that in best case scenarios, the pain is managed solely with CBD, and not with opioid medications.
These facts are true, that cannabinoid can help with severe pain. Chronic pain is a growing public health issue, especially considering aging populations in developing countries. The figures demonstrate this. For example, in Europe, chronic, musculoskeletal pain that is disabling affects over one in four elderly people. In Australia, half of older people have chronic pain and in nursing homes, this number is up to 80%. In the USA, 19% of adults have chronic pain, and 6% have used cannabis to try to treat it, according to a poll in 2005.
This proportionately high amount of intractable pain makes it difficult for clinicians to treat. Cancer and nerve pain such as that associated with multiple sclerosis are often treated with opiate, antidepressant and anticonvulsant medications. Doctors are seeking new methods to treat the conditions causing the pain, but they are concerned about governmental scrutiny of the prescriptions for these medications.
THCV is short for tetrahydrocannabivarin, and it is a lesser known cannabinoid, that is not as commonly studied in the medical community, as are its more prevalent counterparts. THCV is found in most strains of cannabis, and is likely to be found in combination with THC, and other known Cannabinoids, rather than alone. It is similar in molecular structure to THC, though it has different effects. These effects have been shown in a small number of studies.
For example, THCV can be used as an appetite suppressant, so it can dull the appetite in consumers who want to lose weight. Researchers have also shown ways in which THCV can reduce insulin sensitivity and regulate blood glucose, or sugar, levels. Another use which has shown promise is for anxiety, and also for PTSD. It helps with the panic attacks and other anxiety disorders that occur both without and within PTSD. In addition, as with other known cannabinoids, THCV can help to stimulate bone cell growth.
THCV was discovered nearly a decade after better known cannabinoids, such as CBD, THC and CBG. This means that THCV was discovered in the 1970\’s, and there is much potential and room for further study on the uses for this compound.
Also, more than one third of of Americans now live in a state where recreational cannabis is legal. There\’s a growing demand for cannabinoids, and there are other cannabinoids which have health benefits like CBD, but they are lesser known because they are difficult to produce, because of only existing in trace amounts.
A rare cannabinoid is THCV. This one is one of the most sought after, and the most effective. THCV can treat numerous conditions, such as diabetes, osteoporosis and Alzheimer\’s. It has the ability to become popular. This is because although it is chemically similar to THC, there are several differences in its health benefits. THCV isn\’t as psychoactive as THC, and although it can be psychoactive in high doses, it can also lessen the euphoric high from THC in small to moderate doses. THCV actually lessens appetite, and it is more effective for use as a diabetes medication. A potent ability that THCV has is that it can help bone health more than other rare cannabinoids. It binds to receptors that regulate bone mass. This can help it to prevent bone degeneration and regrow bone cells. In effect, it is a valuable treatment for osteoporosis and other skeletal conditions.
THCV also has properties to help mental and neurological conditions, such as by reducing panic attacks and by helping to lessen brain lesions in Alzheimer\’s, which can improve motor control symptoms, such as tremors.
THCV hasn\’t reached the popularity of CBD and THC because it is scarce, and it only occurs in trace amounts. It is therefore labor-intensive, and it can be a wasteful process. The costs are high, but there are new innovations in biosynthesis, which are making THCV easier to produce than before. Cannabinoids can be produced without the plants, which can result in shorter growth cycles, with less energy and labor, and therefore in higher yields. THCV can then be added to existing products, such as pharmaceutical and skin care products, and potentially, new product lines, which are sold both online and in retail locations.
Yes, hemp is a profitable crop. It is still being perfected, in terms of its regulation and legalization. The DEA has been an unwanted presence in the USDA\’s attempts to include it as a dietary supplement. After the Farm Bill of 2018 was passed, it was a historic step to end decades of prohibiting cannabis entirely in the US. Since the bill went into law nearly two years ago, it is time to determine what is, and what isn\’t working, with regard to the hemp regulations. This is a trial and error process, given that the cannabis plant was barred from being studied for more than 50 years.
The main problem is with the THC content in the plants, since the 0.3% THC limit is unrealistic. There is a fine line between a profit and a loss of an entire crop. The THC content can vary from simple factors such as weather and genetics. Some state officials believe that the legal amount of THC should be between 0.3 and 1 percent. Any hemp that is currently over the 0.3% level must be destroyed. There are also restrictive sampling requirements, where all hemp must be tested by DEA labs within 15 days of the upcoming harvest.
These areas of regulating the level of THC, the testing of the hemp crops, and the assessment of penalties for violation of the rules, lead to the fact that hemp is a somewhat complex crop to grow, due to the regulations, which must be expanded to allow for its potential and profitability.
The CBD trend is still growing, and will have an expected growth period, from now, in 2020, into the rest of this decade. Full spectrum CBD contains added substances such as terpenes, and other cannabis additives, such as cannabidivarin and cannabigerol. They assist in creating optimal benefits when added to CBD. This creates the entourage effect, and the substances work together to help more than any one alone.
A person might need only 10 mg of full spectrum CBD, while with the CBD by itself, or CBD isolate, 80-100 mg might be needed, and may not produce the same effect.
Yes, CBD and THC do work together to bring out the most benefit in each one. It\’s been mentioned here that this is called the entourage effect. It is definitely true that more THC can be helpful especially when added to the CBD to help depression. I read that pharmaceutical medications can cause apathy, lack of motivation and anxiety, as side effects. In contrast, when people take CBD with THC, there is often a feeling of a more optimistic mood, more happiness and positivity, and more motivation.
And CBD can help in different regions of the brain, which was previously disputed. Its effects are different in the medial temporal lobe, MTL, from those in the prefrontal cortex, for example. The temporal lobe is where the hippocampus is located. This region regulates mood and emotions, while the prefrontal cortex is responsible for planning and decision making.
Further study and research are needed, and will help to determine where and how CBD can help certain conditions, such as Alzheimer\’s, schizophrenia and PTSD.
